Gregory David Roberts was caught smuggling heroin in Frankfurt, was extradited to Australia and escaped prison in 1980. Two drafts of this novel were destroyed by prison wardens.
Before he was a U.S. Representative, John Lewis was arrested at least 45 times, beginning in 1961 during the Civil Rights Movement and as recently in 2013 when he protested against immigration reform.
In 1849, Fyodor Dostoyevsky was sentenced to death via firing squa after being arrested for subversive activities. After a last-minute reprieve, he spent four years in a Siberian labor camp.